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  • The terrifying Apex Alien in 'Invasion' Season 3 is a lot cuter in real life (video)

    The terrifying Apex Alien in 'Invasion' Season 3 is a lot cuter in real life (video)

    1. Entertainment
    2. Space Movies & Shows

    The terrifying Apex Alien in ‘Invasion’ Season 3 is a lot cuter in real life (video)

    By
    Jeff Spry

    published

    14 October 2025

    ‘This is a special gig for me.’ Puppeteer Keith Arbuthnot displays his expert performance capture skills that bring the extraterrestrial to life in this behind-the-scenes featurette.

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    Invasion — Bringing the Apex Alien to Life in Season 3 | Apple TV – YouTube

    Watch On

    Apple TV’s “Invasion” Season 3 is counting down to the final two episodes of the year as Trevante (Shamier Anderson), Mitsuki (Shioli Kutsuna), Aneesha (Golshifteh Farahani), and Jamila (India Brown) all converge at the Dead Zone with the gung-ho WDC commandos to try and board the colossal crashed mothership.

    As we saw last week in Episode 8, “Life in the Dead Zone,” Mitsuki developed a rather unique relationship with one of the evolved alien intruders that formed the basis of an interesting interspecies pairing (no, not that type of “pairing!”) that just might surprise veteran viewers who’ve stuck with this addictive sci-fi series created by Simon Kinberg and David Weil.

    To highlight the crew’s special fusion of visual effects magic, we’re presenting this exclusive featurette titled “Meet the Apex Alien,” which showcases the combination of talents behind bringing to life these strange translucent creatures from beyond the stars. Also, we get to see the gangly suit that Keith Arbuthnot wears when bringing the Apex Alien to life, complete with adorable and hilarious angry eyes.

    You may like

    Performance artist Keith Arbuthnot on set in “Invasion” Season 3 (Image credit: Apple TV)

    In this behind-the-scenes peek, the Apex Alien Puppeteer Keith Arbuthnot shares his performance capture experience on the set of “Invasion” Season 3, discussing the creative ways he emotes and sustains an emotional connection with the actors while filming.

    “For production, I made this head that goes on top of the rig, which takes me up to six-and-a-half feet,” Arbuthnot explains in the video. “But for the actors, I also added a little something for them to be able to focus on. Actors really appreciate having whatever it is in the space. It allows people to feel how it might feel to have something as large as the Apex Alien in the same shot.”

    “Invasion” Season 3 streams exclusively on Apple TV with new episodes dropping each Friday until the finale airing Oct. 24, 2025.

    Watch Invasion on Apple TV:
    All three seasons of the excellent alien invasion thriller are on the streaming service, along with other hit sci-fi shows like Severance, For All Mankind, Foundation, and Silo. It’s low-key the best streaming service for sci-fi these days.

    Apple TV costs $12.99 per month, but there is also a free 7-day trial for new members who want to check out the service without committing.

    View Deal

    Get over 70% off Nord VPN risk-free for 30 days

    On a trip to Mothership Containment Outpost, and still want to keep up with Invasion? A VPN allows you to watch your streaming shows from anywhere in the world, avoiding pesky geoblocking restrictions.

    There are lots of VPN services to choose from, but NordVPN is the one we rate best. It’s outstanding at unblocking streaming services, it’s fast and it has top-level security features, too. With over 5,000 servers, across 60 countries, and at a great price, it’s easy to recommend.

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    Jeff SprySocial Links NavigationContributing Writer

    Jeff Spry is an award-winning screenwriter and veteran freelance journalist covering TV, movies, video games, books, and comics. His work has appeared at SYFY Wire, Inverse, Collider, Bleeding Cool and elsewhere. Jeff lives in beautiful Bend, Oregon amid the ponderosa pines, classic muscle cars, a crypt of collector horror comics, and two loyal English Setters.

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    ‘Something is wrong!’: ‘Invasion’ Season 3 clip reveals shocking discovery at the mothership containment wall (exclusive)

     
     


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    → roboform

  • Motorola has a super-thin Air phone too

    Motorola has a super-thin Air phone too

    Thin phones are in, and Motorola doesn’t want to miss out. It’s teasing the imminent launch of the X70 Air in China, a slim phone with an unexpectedly big battery, which we’re expecting to see launch in Europe as the Edge 70 soon too.

    The X70 Air is less than 6mm thick, putting it in the same territory as the 5.6mm iPhone Air and 5.8mm Galaxy S25 Edge, and weighs just 159g. Despite that, its 4,800mAh battery is far larger than either of those phones’, which will be a big part of its appeal. It’s not a small phone otherwise, with a 6.7-inch display, and the Snapdragon 7 Gen 4 chipset won’t deliver flagship power, but it’s likely to cost a good deal less than the Samsung and Apple phones.

    The X70 Air goes on sale in China on October 31st, while Motorola is teasing an Edge phone launch in Europe for November 5th which is likely the same model.


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  • Checking the quality of materials just got easier with a new AI tool

    Checking the quality of materials just got easier with a new AI tool

    Manufacturing better batteries, faster electronics, and more effective pharmaceuticals depends on the discovery of new materials and the verification of their quality. Artificial intelligence is helping with the former, with tools that comb through catalogs of materials to quickly tag promising candidates.

    But once a material is made, verifying its quality still involves scanning it with specialized instruments to validate its performance — an expensive and time-consuming step that can hold up the development and distribution of new technologies.

    Now, a new AI tool developed by MIT engineers could help clear the quality-control bottleneck, offering a faster and cheaper option for certain materials-driven industries.

    In a study appearing today in the journal Matter, the researchers present “SpectroGen,” a generative AI tool that turbocharges scanning capabilities by serving as a virtual spectrometer. The tool takes in “spectra,” or measurements of a material in one scanning modality, such as infrared, and generates what that material’s spectra would look like if it were scanned in an entirely different modality, such as X-ray. The AI-generated spectral results match, with 99 percent accuracy, the results obtained from physically scanning the material with the new instrument.

    Certain spectroscopic modalities reveal specific properties in a material: Infrared reveals a material’s molecular groups, while X-ray diffraction visualizes the material’s crystal structures, and Raman scattering illuminates a material’s molecular vibrations. Each of these properties is essential in gauging a material’s quality and typically requires tedious workflows on multiple expensive and distinct instruments to measure.

    With SpectroGen, the researchers envision that a diversity of measurements can be made using a single and cheaper physical scope. For instance, a manufacturing line could carry out quality control of materials by scanning them with a single infrared camera. Those infrared spectra could then be fed into SpectroGen to automatically generate the material’s X-ray spectra, without the factory having to house and operate a separate, often more expensive X-ray-scanning laboratory.

    The new AI tool generates spectra in less than one minute, a thousand times faster compared to traditional approaches that can take several hours to days to measure and validate.

    “We think that you don’t have to do the physical measurements in all the modalities you need, but perhaps just in a single, simple, and cheap modality,” says study co-author Loza Tadesse, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at MIT. “Then you can use SpectroGen to generate the rest. And this could improve productivity, efficiency, and quality of manufacturing.”

    The study’s lead author is former MIT postdoc Yanmin Zhu.

    Beyond bonds

    Tadesse’s interdisciplinary group at MIT pioneers technologies that advance human and planetary health, developing innovations for applications ranging from rapid disease diagnostics to sustainable agriculture.

    “Diagnosing diseases, and material analysis in general, usually involves scanning samples and collecting spectra in different modalities, with different instruments that are bulky and expensive and that you might not all find in one lab,” Tadesse says. “So, we were brainstorming about how to miniaturize all this equipment and how to streamline the experimental pipeline.”

    Zhu noted the increasing use of generative AI tools for discovering new materials and drug candidates, and wondered whether AI could also be harnessed to generate spectral data. In other words, could AI act as a virtual spectrometer?

    A spectroscope probes a material’s properties by sending light of a certain wavelength into the material. That light causes molecular bonds in the material to vibrate in ways that scatter the light back out to the scope, where the light is recorded as a pattern of waves, or spectra, that can then be read as a signature of the material’s structure.

    For AI to generate spectral data, the conventional approach would involve training an algorithm to recognize connections between physical atoms and features in a material, and the spectra they produce. Given the complexity of molecular structures within just one material, Tadesse says such an approach can quickly become intractable.

    “Doing this even for just one material is impossible,” she says. “So, we thought, is there another way to interpret spectra?”

    The team found an answer with math. They realized that a spectral pattern, which is a sequence of waveforms, can be represented mathematically. For instance, a spectrum that contains a series of bell curves is known as a “Gaussian” distribution, which is associated with a certain mathematical expression, compared to a series of narrower waves, known as a “Lorentzian” distribution, that is described by a separate, distinct algorithm. And as it turns out, for most materials infrared spectra characteristically contain more Lorentzian waveforms, while Raman spectra are more Gaussian, and X-ray spectra is a mix of the two.

    Tadesse and Zhu worked this mathematical interpretation of spectral data into an algorithm that they then incorporated into a generative AI model.

    It’s a physics-savvy generative AI that understands what spectra are,” Tadesse says. “And the key novelty is, we interpreted spectra not as how it comes about from chemicals and bonds, but that it is actually math — curves and graphs, which an AI tool can understand and interpret.”

    Data co-pilot

    The team demonstrated their SpectroGen AI tool on a large, publicly available dataset of over 6,000 mineral samples. Each sample includes information on the mineral’s properties, such as its elemental composition and crystal structure. Many samples in the dataset also include spectral data in different modalities, such as X-ray, Raman, and infrared. Of these samples, the team fed several hundred to SpectroGen, in a process that trained the AI tool, also known as a neural network, to learn correlations between a mineral’s different spectral modalities. This training enabled SpectroGen to take in spectra of a material in one modality, such as in infrared, and generate what a spectra in a totally different modality, such as X-ray, should look like.

    Once they trained the AI tool, the researchers fed SpectroGen spectra from a mineral in the dataset that was not included in the training process. They asked the tool to generate a spectra in a different modality, based on this “new” spectra. The AI-generated spectra, they found, was a close match to the mineral’s real spectra, which was originally recorded by a physical instrument. The researchers carried out similar tests with a number of other minerals and found that the AI tool quickly generated spectra, with 99 percent correlation.

    “We can feed spectral data into the network and can get another totally different kind of spectral data, with very high accuracy, in less than a minute,” Zhu says.

    The team says that SpectroGen can generate spectra for any type of mineral. In a manufacturing setting, for instance, mineral-based materials that are used to make semiconductors and battery technologies could first be quickly scanned by an infrared laser. The spectra from this infrared scanning could be fed into SpectroGen, which would then generate a spectra in X-ray, which operators or a multiagent AI platform can check to assess the material’s quality.

    “I think of it as having an agent or co-pilot, supporting researchers, technicians, pipelines and industry,” Tadesse says. “We plan to customize this for different industries’ needs.”

    The team is exploring ways to adapt the AI tool for disease diagnostics, and for agricultural monitoring through an upcoming project funded by Google. Tadesse is also advancing the technology to the field through a new startup and envisions making SpectroGen available for a wide range of sectors, from pharmaceuticals to semiconductors to defense.


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  • The latest Moto Razr Ultra foldable is an even better value at $999

    The latest Moto Razr Ultra foldable is an even better value at $999

    Motorola’s Razr Ultra (2025) is $999.99 ($300 off) | Image: The Verge

    If you’re on the fence about trying a foldable smartphone, Motorola’s Razr Ultra (2025) may be the one you’ve been waiting for, and you can pick it up for $999.99 ($300 off) at Amazon and Best Buy. Our reviewer praised its design (the wooden back panel has a layer of actual wood), and found Motorola still has the best software for foldables. Conveniently, in our reviewer’s tests, the phone’s outer screen was large enough to quickly check notifications without opening it up and running the risk of getting distracted. 

    Motorola Razr Ultra (2025)

    Motorola has pulled out all the stops for its latest high-end flip phone with top-notch performance, great battery life, and luxurious finish options.
    Motorola Razr Ultra on a green background showing wooden back panel

    Where to Buy:

    The Razr Ultra has two displays: a 4-inch 1080p outer screen, and a 7-inch 1224p screen when the phone is unfolded. Both screens look sharp, but the exterior display isn’t quite bright enough to use comfortably in direct sunlight. Its hinge had better resistance than Razr’s previous models, and its IP48 rating means it shouldn’t be damaged even when immersed in one meter of water. It’s not fully dust resistant, though it held up well when carried around in a dusty tote. Still, you should be careful when using it around sand. Motorola guarantees three years of OS upgrades for the Razr Ultra, which is respectable, but Samsung guarantees six years of OS and security updates for the Flip 6.

    It’s 2025, so of course the smartphone has baked-in AI features, including notification summaries, and the ability to initiate a live transcription when you begin a voice recording. These features were hit or miss in our tests, but Motorola was bullish enough on them to stick a dedicated AI button on the Razr Ultra. A single long press or double press will launch these functions. If you don’t want to hit a button, the smartphone’s Moto AI app is available on its home screen.

    Motorola equipped the Razr Ultra with 16GB of RAM, 512GB of storage, and the Snapdragon 8 Elite chipset. It supports wired charging at up to 68W and wireless charging up to 30W, and its battery lasted all day without dipping into the red. Its dual-lens rear camera system compromises a 50-megapixel wide and 50-megapixel ultrawide lens. Its selfie camera is also 50 megapixels, and we could get great shots from them in good lighting conditions, though it can be a little heavy-handed on the image processing. Read our review.

    Three more great deals

    • Anker’s 7-in-1 Nano Charging Station is a compact and convenient way to keep a lot of your gadgets topped up, and it’s $59.99 ($30 off)—a new all-time low—at Amazon and from Anker with promo code WS7DV2GZULDK. The 100W charger has two retractable USB-C cables, three outlets, one USB-C port, and a USB-A port. An LCD screen will show which cables or ports are in use and how much power they’re drawing. The Nano Charging Station has a high enough output to charge a 16-inch MacBook Pro from zero to 50 percent in a little over a half hour. 
    • In our tests the Amazfit Band 7 was so feature packed our reviewer felt she was “getting away with something” given its low price. Right now you can get it for around $39.99 ($10 off) at Amazon and Best Buy. The fitness band lasts around two weeks on a full charge, and can track your activity, heart, sleep, stress, and menstrual cycle. It’ll surface your notifications on its modestly-sized 1.47-inch OLED screen. The Amazfit Band 7’s GPS tracking wasn’t accurate enough for us to recommend it for serious runners training for a race, but if you want an inexpensive fitness tracker, you’ve found it. Read our review
    • If you’re planning on sneaking in some autumnal camping, you can pick up Colman’s Cascade Classic Camping Stove for $118.99 ($21 off) at Campmor. The 11-pound, dual-burner, propane-powered stove offers up to 20,000 BTUs of cooking power, and can run for up to an hour when connected to a 16 ounce propane cylinder. It can accommodate a 12-inch and 10-inch pan simultaneously, so you can cook larger portions of food at once.

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    → hotel-deals

  • Strange ‘puffy’ alien world breaks every rule for how planets should behave

    If you think you’ve met the wildest exoplanet yet, you haven’t learned about TOI-4507 b. This strange world breaks almost every known rule for how planets should behave.


    📰 Original Source: Latest from Space.com

    This article was automatically imported from our UAP intelligence monitoring network.

  • Best Wireless Headphones (2025): Tested Over Many Hours

    GearOct 14, 2025 9:30 AM

    The Best Wireless Headphones

    From workout-ready earbuds to gaming over-ears, these WIRED-tested picks sound like a million bucks.

    CommentLoaderSave StorySave this storyCommentLoaderSave StorySave this story

    All products featured on WIRED are independently selected by our editors. However, we may receive compensation from retailers and/or from purchases of products through these links. Learn more.

    Featured in this article

    The Best Wireless HeadphonesSony WH-1000XM6Read more$460

    Amazon

    The Best Bose HeadphonesBose QuietComfort UltraRead more$429

    Amazon

    Best Headphones for iPhoneApple AirPods Max (USB-C)Read more$549 $500 (9% off)

    Amazon

    Best Looking HeadphonesNothing Headphone (1)Read more$299

    Amazon

    Whether you're listening to the latest episode of WIRED’s Uncanny Valley podcast, jumping on a transatlantic flight, or hitting the trail with Taylor Swift on repeat, the best wireless headphones can make your day. The only problem is that there are so many to choose from, with more arriving almost daily. My colleague Ryan Waniata and I are constantly testing new models—these are the best wireless headphones we've found.

    Be sure to check out all our audio buying guides, like the Best Wireless Earbuds, Best Workout Headphones, Best Noise-Canceling Headphones, and Best Open Earbuds. Want to check out our latest headphone coverage and reviews? As always, check out our Headphones page.

    Updated October 2025: We've added the AirPods Pro 3.

    Other Wireless Headphones We’ve Tested

    Wireless headphones are the default these days, and there are roughly 1 gazillion of them (and counting). We do our best to test them all, but not everything we test can make the big list. Here are some other good options worth trying.

    Status Audio Pro X for $249: The Status Audio Pro X are an excellent pair of earbuds that are slightly overshadowed by their mainstream competitors when it comes to daily use. That said, these buds look and sound awesome, with a triple driver array (one dynamic for bass, two Knowles balanced armatures for mid and high end), which allows them to stand above many other earbuds.

    Sony WH-1000XM5 for $398: Sony's XM5 remain a top headphone, even after being supplanted by the fancier XM6. For a fairly sizable price reduction, you'll get still-fabulous noise-canceling tech, great sound, and luxe comfort in a supremely portable package.

    Beyerdynamic Amiron 300 for $280: These premium earbuds from Beyerdynamic are nondescript-looking and don't have noise-canceling to compete with Sony and Bose, but they do sound fantastic. If you're looking for a great-sounding pair that won't get you judged in public, these are a great option for quiet luxury.

    Bowers & Wilkins Pi8 Earbuds for $467: Bowers & Wilkins brings its speaker prowess into the world if high-end earbuds. The Pi8 provide a premium and stylish build, excellent sound quality, and solid noise canceling, albeit at a very high price point. Like other earbuds we've tested lately, one of the Pi8's coolest features is the ability to stream audio from wired audio sources via the charging case, which can really come in handy on long flights.

    Edifier Stax Spirit S5 for $500: These high-flying headphones lack noise-canceling, but make up for it with fantastically clear sound from their advanced planar magnetic drivers that use specialized magnet tech for vividly clear delivery. If you can afford their high price, they're a fun investment that digs into the meat of your music like few headphones in their class.

    Soundcore Space A40 for $45: Even though they've moved off our main list, the Space A40 are still among the best earbuds you'll find for the money. Their stylish, premium-looking design is bolstered by solid features, clear and detailed sound, and excellent noise canceling for the price.

    Sonos Ace for $399: The Sonos Ace are a pricey but impressive first effort from Sonos, with fantastic noise canceling, great sound, and one of the comfiest designs (if not the comfiest) you'll find in the game. A few initial software bugs hindered their performance upon release, including trouble with the TV Swap feature that lets you pass sound from a Sonos soundbar to the Ace, but that seems to be fixed, making these an excellent choice—especially for those already invested in the Sonos way.

    Beats Solo 4 for $150: We like Beats headphones these days, but this pair was just a bit lacking in features for us at its standard $200 price. Now that they've come down, we can heartily recommend them to folks who are looking for a pair of wireless headphones that don't have noise canceling.

    Technics EAH-AZ80 for $161: The AZ80 are great earbuds. Their most noteworthy feature is conveniently pairing to three devices at once, but they finish strong with good noise-canceling tech, top-tier sound quality, and seven different ear tip options for a remarkably comfy fit.

    Beats Studio Pro for $250: The Studio Pro offer quality performance, including surprisingly clear sound, good noise canceling, and refreshingly natural transparency mode. The design feels a bit cheap, and they skip features like auto-pause, but extras like Hands-Free Siri and head tracking with spatial audio help pad their value—especially since their sale price sometimes drops to around half of the original $350 MSRP.

    Sony WH-CH720N for $129: These Sony cans may have a silly name, but their sheer value makes up for it. They're not as pliable as top options and don't come with a case, but their sound quality and noise-canceling are excellent for the money. They are also built to last and have battery life that goes on and on, making them a great option for prudent shoppers.

    Master & Dynamic MH40 for $399: M&D's second-gen MH40 pack gorgeous sound into an equally gorgeous design, with luxurious trappings like lambskin leather and metal parts in place of plastic. Their lack of advanced features, excluding even noise canceling, makes them a pricey portal to minimalism, but they've got style for days.

    Audio Technica ATH-M50xBT for $219: The original ATH-M50X provide balanced sound and great durability, making them ubiquitous in music and film studios. But what if you want to take them with you between takes? Enter the ATH-M50XBT, which partner a wired studio connection with Bluetooth for wireless freedom. They don't offer noise canceling or other advanced features but they're great for melding art and play.

    Sony Linkbuds for $128: The Linkbuds have a neat trick: speakers with holes in the middle that let in the world around you for environmental awareness. They're not so hot for noisy environments, making them something of a one-trick pony, but they're among the best options in the growing open-ear trend. They've also been updated in the new Linkbuds Open, which are pricier at present but offer a few new features and a more stable fit.

    JLab Jbuds Mini for $40: These micro-buds from JLab offer so-so sound, but their adorably teensy design that fits on a key ring makes them a fun accessory for those who need some cheap buds to take on the go.

    What to Know

    AccordionItemContainerButtonLargeChevron

    If you're new to wireless headphones or need a refresher, here are some helpful pointers to know before you buy.

    Noise canceling is a technology that employs exterior microphones and digital processing to take in the sounds around you and flip their frequency polarity, essentially canceling them at rapid speeds to create an impression of silence.

    Transparency mode, aka "hear-through" or “ambient” sound mode, is the opposite of noise canceling, using your headphones' exterior microphones to bring in the sound around you. This can keep you aware of your surroundings, especially helpful when working out, walking in high-traffic areas, or just having a quick conversation.

    Bluetooth is the wireless format used by all portable wireless headphones to connect to and play sound from devices like a phone, computer, or tablet.

    Bluetooth multipoint connection allows Bluetooth headphones to connect to more than one source device (like a phone or computer) at a time. This helpful feature lets you seamlessly switch between your connected devices to do things like take phone or video calls or watch a video on your computer between Spotify sessions on your phone.

    Find My is an Apple feature that lets you track down devices like your AirPods from the web. Many non-Apple wireless headphones also have some form of Find My feature, though it's usually reserved for earbuds due to their small size.

    IP ratings are used to certify electronics are dust and water-resistant. Generally, the higher the IP rating a device has, the better the dust and water resistance. You can learn more in our IP-ratings explainer.

    EQ stands for equalization, which in the case of wireless headphones, uses digital processing to adjust parameters like bass, midrange, and treble. EQ presets are most common, but multi-band EQs are better for those who want advanced control over each sound register.

    Charging cases are included with virtually all fully wireless earbuds, letting you set the buds in the case for recharging on the go. Most charging cases offer two or more charges, and to recharge the case itself, you can usually use a USB-C cable or a wireless charger.

    How We Test Headphones

    AccordionItemContainerButtonLargeChevron

    We test headphones and earbuds the way that we live. We take them to the gym, wear them around offices, travel with them, and generally try to use them as we anticipate potential buyers will use them. If a pair advertises dust or water resistance, we test that. We drop test cases, test cables, charging times, and battery life, and note everything we find exceptional to our readers.

    While we do not typically use a set playlist of music to test each pair, we aim to test acoustic, rock, hip-hop, pop, country, and a variety of other genres with every pair of headphones, ensuring offer a good perspective on sound signature across genres and volumes. For noise reduction, we test the headphones in real-world environments and note our findings. When possible, we attempt to have headphones worn by a variety of people with different head and ear shapes, to ensure we're thinking about the widest audience possible.

    Power up with unlimited access to WIRED. Get best-in-class reporting and exclusive subscriber content that's too important to ignore. Subscribe Today.

    Comments

    Back to topTriangleParker Hall is a senior editor of product reviews at WIRED. He focuses on audiovisual and entertainment products. Hall is a graduate of the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, where he studied jazz percussion. After hours, he remains a professional musician in his hometown of Portland, Oregon. … Read MoreWriter and Reviewer

    Ryan Waniata is a staff writer, editor, video host, and product reviewer for WIRED with over 10 years of experience in A/V. He has previously published at sites including Digital Trends, Reviewed, Business Insider, Review Geek, and others. He’s evaluated everything from TVs and soundbars to smart gadgets and wearables, … Read More

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  • Strange 'puffy' alien world breaks every rule for how planets should behave

    Strange 'puffy' alien world breaks every rule for how planets should behave

    1. Astronomy
    2. Exoplanets

    Strange ‘puffy’ alien world breaks every rule for how planets should behave

    By
    Paul Sutter

    published

    14 October 2025

    A low-density, puffy planet orbiting relatively far from a young star in a nearly perpendicular orbit. What’s going on?

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    Artist’s impression of a super-puff planet.
    (Image credit: Pablo Carlos Budassi/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images)

    If you think you’ve met the wildest exoplanet yet, you haven’t learned about TOI-4507 b.

    This strange world, which sits about 578 light-years from the solar system, breaks almost every known rule for how planets should behave. First off, it orbits a very young star that’s just 700 million years old, making it one of the youngest planetary systems ever discovered. The planet is 9x wider than Earth, but only 30 times its mass. That means it’s as wide as Jupiter but less than a tenth of its mass, a very light planet. This odd combination of large size and small mass classifies TOI-4507 b as a “super-puff” — an exoplanet with a large, extended atmosphere.

    Second, TOI-4507 b is on a nearly polar orbit; it swings around its star almost perfectly perpendicular to the star’s rotation. It has a relatively close orbit, completing an entire revolution in just 105 days — but this also makes it one of the longest-period super-puffs ever found. So we have a low-density, puffy planet orbiting relatively far from a young star in a nearly perpendicular orbit. What’s going on?

    You may like

    With TOI-4507 b, there are more mysteries than answers. But the researchers who revealed the discovery of the planet ruled out some possibilities. In a pre-print study that has yet to be peer-reviewed and submitted to arXiv, they used a combination of data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and ASTEP, a planet-hunting telescope in Antarctica.

    Many super-puffs get their inflated atmospheres from tidal heating. If a planet orbits close to its star in an elliptical orbit, then its interior will stretch and squeeze as the gravitational strength of the star changes. This kind of tidal heating leads to the molten cores and liquid oceans of many moons in the outer solar system, and in other systems, it can heat up a planet, giving it an extended atmosphere.

    But TOI-4507 b is too far from its star for tidal heating to play a significant role.

    An illustration of a planet in a polar orbit around its star. (Image credit: ESO/L. Calçada)

    So perhaps it’s not as big as we think it is. Some planets may have large ring systems that block light just as easily as a planet can, leading to the appearance of large planetary bodies. But while TOI-4507 b is relatively cold, it’s not cold enough to support a ring system for very long.

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    Plus, something dramatic must have happened in this planet’s past. This event might have been quick and catastrophic, causing a misalignment of the protoplanetary disk with the star. Or it might have been slow and steady — for example, if another planet orbiting much farther out were tugging it into a new orbit.

    All of these mysteries make TOI-4507 b ripe for follow-up studies. Because of its brightness and the low density of its atmosphere, TOI-4507 b makes a great candidate for observations with the James Webb Space Telescope, which should have the capabilities to determine what this mysterious planet’s atmosphere is made of — and hopefully unlock some more clues as to how this strange super-puff came to be.

    Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.

    Paul SutterSocial Links NavigationSpace.com Contributor

    Paul M. Sutter is a cosmologist at Johns Hopkins University, host of Ask a Spaceman, and author of How to Die in Space.

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  • New MIT initiative seeks to transform rare brain disorders research

    New MIT initiative seeks to transform rare brain disorders research

    More than 300 million people worldwide are living with rare disorders — many of which have a genetic cause and affect the brain and nervous system — yet the vast majority of these conditions lack an approved therapy. Because each rare disorder affects fewer than 65 out of every 100,000 people, studying these disorders and creating new treatments for them is especially challenging.

    Thanks to a generous philanthropic gift from Ana Méndez ’91 and Rajeev Jayavant ’86, EE ’88, SM ’88, MIT is now poised to fill gaps in this research landscape. By establishing the Rare Brain Disorders Nexus — or RareNet — at MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research, the alumni aim to convene leaders in neuroscience research, clinical medicine, patient advocacy, and industry to streamline the lab-to-clinic pipeline for rare brain disorder treatments.

    “Ana and Rajeev’s commitment to MIT will form crucial partnerships to propel the translation of scientific discoveries into promising therapeutics and expand the Institute’s impact on the rare brain disorders community,” says MIT President Sally Kornbluth. “We are deeply grateful for their pivotal role in advancing such critical science and bringing attention to conditions that have long been overlooked.”

    Building new coalitions

    Several hurdles have slowed the lab-to-clinic pipeline for rare brain disorder research. It is difficult to secure a sufficient number of patients per study, and current research efforts are fragmented, since each study typically focuses on a single disorder (there are more than 7,000 known rare disorders, according to the World Health Organization). Pharmaceutical companies are often reluctant to invest in emerging treatments due to a limited market size and the high costs associated with preparing drugs for commercialization.

    Méndez and Jayavant envision that RareNet will finally break down these barriers. “Our hope is that RareNet will allow leaders in the field to come together under a shared framework and ignite scientific breakthroughs across multiple conditions. A discovery for one rare brain disorder could unlock new insights that are relevant to another,” says Jayavant. “By congregating the best minds in the field, we are confident that MIT will create the right scientific climate to produce drug candidates that may benefit a spectrum of uncommon conditions.”

    Guoping Feng, the James W. (1963) and Patricia T. Poitras Professor in Neuroscience and associate director of the McGovern Institute, will serve as RareNet’s inaugural faculty director. Feng holds a strong record of advancing studies on therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, Williams syndrome, and uncommon forms of epilepsy. His team’s gene therapy for Phelan-McDermid syndrome, a rare and profound autism spectrum disorder, has been licensed to Jaguar Gene Therapy and is currently undergoing clinical trials. “RareNet pioneers a unique model for biomedical research — one that is reimagining the role academia can play in developing therapeutics,” says Feng.

    RareNet plans to deploy two major initiatives: a global consortium and a therapeutic pipeline accelerator. The consortium will form an international network of researchers, clinicians, and patient groups from the outset. It seeks to connect siloed research efforts, secure more patient samples, promote data sharing, and drive a strong sense of trust and goal alignment across the RareNet community. Partnerships within the consortium will support the aim of the therapeutic pipeline accelerator: to de-risk early lab discoveries and expedite their translation to clinic. By fostering more targeted collaborations — especially between academia and industry — the accelerator will prepare potential treatments for clinical use as efficiently as possible.

    MIT labs are focusing on four uncommon conditions in the first wave of RareNet projects: Rett syndrome, prion disease, disorders linked to SYNGAP1 mutations, and Sturge-Weber syndrome. The teams are working to develop novel therapies that can slow, halt, or reverse dysfunctions in the brain and nervous system.

    These efforts will build new bridges to connect key stakeholders across the rare brain disorders community and disrupt conventional research approaches. “Rajeev and I are motivated to seed powerful collaborations between MIT researchers, clinicians, patients, and industry,” says Méndez. “Guoping Feng clearly understands our goal to create an environment where foundational studies can thrive and seamlessly move toward clinical impact.”

    “Patient and caregiver experiences, and our foreseeable impact on their lives, will guide us and remain at the forefront of our work,” Feng adds. “For far too long has the rare brain disorders community been deprived of life-changing treatments — and, importantly, hope. RareNet gives us the opportunity to transform how we study these conditions, and to do so at a moment when it’s needed more than ever.”


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  • Why you get goosebumps when you’re scared—or inspired

    It’s goosebump season. As the nights draw in, temperatures drop, and horror movies slink onto our screens, you’ll feel the familiar prickle of raised hairs down your arms more often. But why do our bodies get goosebumps in the first place?

    How goosebumps happen

    Goosebumps are valuable tools for many animals. They keep mammals with thick fur warm by trapping air near their skin, or help make them look bigger when facing off against a rival. However, in humans, a wide range of emotions can also induce goosebumps. All of these different forms of goosebumps occur because of a patchwork of different cell types in our skin working together. 

    Goosebumps, or piloerection, to use their formal scientific name, happen when muscle cells in our skin called the arrector pili muscles (APM) contract. They do this when they receive signals from nearby nerve cells. APMs are connected to hair follicles in our skin. Contraction pulls on these follicles and causes the hairs to rise up. This movement causes our skin to form small goosebumps. In short, nerve cells instruct muscle cells to contract, causing our hair follicles to stand on end. 

    How your brain makes bumps

    The nerve cells that kickstart the goosebump response are part of our autonomic nervous system—responsible for our fight-or-flight responses. These nerve signals shift how our body functions in response to our environment by releasing chemical messengers like epinephrine. If we encounter a predator, these signals alter the flow of blood and oxygen through our body in response. If the temperature rises, nerve cells direct our skin to start sweating and cool down the body. 

    Our nervous system doesn’t only direct responses to threats or changing temperatures, but also to other environmental stimuli. “We get goosebumps all the time,” says Jonathon McPhetres, an independent researcher who published several papers on piloerection while at Durham University. 

    Related Ask Us Anything Stories

    “We’re not really very good at monitoring our bodies, and we don’t notice them [goosebumps] a lot of times when they happen,” he adds. Scary movies or frightening stories also kickstart our autonomic nervous system and stimulate the release of epinephrine. To this part of your brain, being chased by a threat in real life and seeing a knife-wielding killer on screen aren’t all that different. Goosebump-linked sensations can also pop up alongside less threatening events, like beautiful music or deja vu. These responses are less well-understood, but we’ll explore that later. 

    Goosebumps are the same regardless of stimuli

    Whether our bodies are responding to heat changes or emotional rollercoasters, the types of goosebumps our skin produces stay the same. “Your skin is really interesting and amazing. It’s not this stiff, still thing on your body that just protects your muscles. It’s moving and it’s changing all the time. It’s stretching, it’s squishing up, it’s getting thicker, getting thinner, and it is changing hairs around all to regulate your body temperature and to keep things in and out,” says McPhetres. 

    This dynamic wiring in our skin responds to information our senses perceive. Whether it’s a scary film or a temperature drop, says McPhetres, the message is the same: “This is something that could be damaging; something in the environment could change. You need to change how you operate.” 

    Goosebumps are more evident in animals with thicker body hair. However, McPhetres suggests that we shouldn’t view goosebumps in humans as a purely vestigial remnant from when we were hairier hominids. 

    Goosebumps are “associated with changes in your skin temperature,” says McPhetres. These changes aren’t major, but McPhetres says that goosebumps elicited by cold in one region of the body tend to occur across the entire body. 

    “If I put an ice pack on your thigh,” he says, “I’ve changed the temperature of your thigh and I can see different areas of your skin and your body change temperature a little bit as a response.” Goosebumps elicited by tickling, on the other hand, are a much more localized response.  

    A photograph of a diverse couple sitting on a couch in a dimly lit room, watching something on a screen. The man on the left, wearing a blue shirt, is smiling with enjoyment while holding a remote control. The woman next to him has long, curly hair and is covering her face with her hands, peering out fearfully between her fingers, suggesting they are watching a scary movie. They are sharing a container of popcorn.
    Even though we’re in no real danger when we watch horror movies, they can still trigger our nervous system to create goosebumps as a fear response. Image: DepositPhotos

    Goosebumps and “the chills”

    Goosebumps aren’t the simplest thing to study, partly because they often occur without us noticing. Another challenge is that researchers often muddle together physiological responses, like goosebumps, with more subjective emotional reactions, like “cold chills.” 

    Separate from feelings of coldness during a fever, these chills, also called frissons, are tingling waves of pleasurable emotion, often elicited by art, such as powerful songs or symphonies. McPhetres notes that scientists associate chills with goosebumps, but while goosebumps are a physical reaction we can see and feel, chills are a more subjective experience. 

    McPhetres says that recordings of skin and the nervous system show that there are effectively no measurements that capture any differences at all during frissons. Roughly half of the time that people report feeling chills, they have no goosebumps in response. “The relation between chills and goosebumps is nothing,” he states. 

    Whether your goosebumps pop up alongside a soaring chorus, a freezing wind, or during the on-screen revenge of a cursed, bloodthirsty member of the undead, just know that they are your brain’s way of telling your body that something noteworthy is happening nearby. Our autonomic nervous system helped us survive prehistoric predators, and it will get us through the next Saw film, too.  

    This story is part of Popular Science’s Ask Us Anything series, where we answer your most outlandish, mind-burning questions, from the ordinary to the off-the-wall. Have something you’ve always wanted to know? Ask us.

    The post Why you get goosebumps when you’re scared—or inspired appeared first on Popular Science.


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  • Best Wireless Earbuds (2025): Apple, Sony, Bose, and More

    GearOct 14, 2025 9:00 AM

    The Best Wireless Earbuds We've Tested

    Ready to cut the cord? These are our favorite headphones that will never, ever get tangled.

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    All products featured on WIRED are independently selected by our editors. However, we may receive compensation from retailers and/or from purchases of products through these links. Learn more.

    Featured in this article

    The Best Earbuds for Most PeopleNothing Ear (a)Read more$89

    Amazon

    A Close SecondSoundpeats Capsule3 Pro+Read more$100

    Amazon

    Best Earbuds for iPhonesApple AirPods Pro (Gen 3)Read more$249

    Apple

    Best Earbuds for AndroidGoogle Pixel Buds Pro 2Read more$229

    Amazon

    Wireless earbuds are one of those ideas that sounded like a dream at first. Pop a little headphone into each ear and listen to music or take calls untethered from everything. The first wireless buds were gigantic, died after a few hours, and had a bunch of other problems. Times have changed. There are now tons of new models that sound fabulous and work perfectly, including plenty for well under $100. After testing hundreds of pairs of wireless earbuds over several years, these are our favorites in a wide range of styles and prices.

    For more top picks, check out our other audio guides, like the Best Wireless Headphones, Best Noise-Canceling Headphones, Best Cheap Headphones, Best Workout Headphones, and Best Wired Headphones.

    Updated October 2025: We've added the AirPods Pro 3.

    Other Earbuds We Like

    Every month seems to bring new sets of earbuds with longer battery life, new features, and more compact designs. As such, we can't list everything we like. But if you're still hunting, here are some other recommendations.

    Beyerdynamic Amiron 300 for $180: These premium earbuds from Beyerdynamic look nondescript and sound fantastic, but they lack any of the superlative qualities of the buds on the list above. If you're after a clean-looking pair of headphones with fantastic vocal definition, they're worth considering.

    Soundcore Space A40 for $45: While they're no longer on our main list, the Space A40 are still some of my favorite buds for the money, providing good features, clear sound, and excellent noise canceling for their price class. They also look polished, with only their lack of auto-pause sensors betraying their low price.

    Samsung Galaxy Buds 2 Pro for $100–$200: The Galaxy Buds 2 Pro are getting older, but they're still among the best buds to pair with a Samsung phone. They don't have the multi-device connectivity of our top pick for Android users, and their five-hour battery is looking pretty short these days, but they provide excellent sound quality, IPX7 waterproofing, and a distinctive design that doesn't just ape the AirPods Pro. That makes them well worth considering on sale.

    Soundpeats Air4 for $90: Soundpeats’ Air4 may be obvious AirPods Pro knockoffs, but they're very good knockoffs for the money. You won't get top-flight performance, let alone Apple exclusives like Find My support or iCloud sharing, but you will get good sound and features, including decent noise canceling, at a massive discount. While these aren't a top choice, they're a great budget buy, especially on sale.

    Sony Linkbuds Fit for $175: Sony’s Linkbuds Fit offer rich and punchy sound, naturalistic transparency mode, and a light and comfy fit, helping them live up to their intent as a “wear anywhere” solution. They provide some solid features, but skimp on battery life with just 5.5 hours per charge, and their noise canceling is just OK. Their oddly unresponsive touch controls and reliance on flimsy silicone sleeves further diminish their value, but they're still Sony buds and could be worth nabbing on a good sale.

    Montblanc MTB 03 for $395: These earbuds are priced out of reach for most buyers, but if you've got the cash, you'll be rewarded with a luxury experience worthy of the brand. Montblanc has called in some heavy hitters from the audio industry to design and voice these buds. The result is a small, comfortable, and quite flashy-looking pair of wireless earbuds that sound really impressive.

    Raycon Everyday Earbuds for $80: These YouTuber-beloved earbuds are actually a decent cheap pair. They are small and light, and they come with an IPX6 rating, which makes them great for workouts.

    Master & Dynamic MW08 Sport for $399: The Sport are a great option that come with active noise canceling and a striking design, but the high price keeps them out of the reach of most people.

    Earbuds to Avoid

    As a general rule, you should avoid earbuds that don't support the Bluetooth 5.0 standard (or higher) or don't offer at least five hours of battery life, and more like six these days. Batteries in wireless headphones degrade over time, so the better your battery life is at first, the more tolerable it will be in two to three years.

    Apple AirPods (Previous or Current Gen) for $119-$170: These headphones do some things well, we just don't like them all that much. (Read our latest review.) They get OK battery life, come in a compact case, and work well for calls, but they don't fit all ears well, and since they don't have ear tips or wings, you're out of luck if they're loose. The priciest model adds noise canceling which works about as well as you'd expect for a pair that doesn't offer a proper seal. Want clear music, good noise canceling, and advanced features made for iPhones for less than the AirPods Pro 3? Get the AirPods Pro Gen 2, which sometimes cost more (and sometimes less) but are legitimately great.

    Beats Solo Buds for $70: These are lackluster in virtually every possible way, especially when it comes to features for the money. Their best traits are their micro-size and big battery, but that's about it. It's odd, because we like other headphones from the brand, but these just don't keep pace. The best we can say is they are cheap.

    Samsung Galaxy Buds 3 for $155: A Cybertrucked pair of AirPods clones, the headphones in the new Galaxy Buds line work worse than they already look. With no eartips, these are uncomfortable to wear for long periods, and the noise canceling is all but useless.

    How We Define Wireless Earbuds

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    We've seen this category go by many names: true wireless earbuds, truly wireless earbuds, completely wireless earbuds, fully wireless earbuds, wirefree earbuds, etc. These days, if a pair of earbuds connects to your phone/computer via Bluetooth and has no cord that connects the left bud to the right, we just call them wireless. Wireless sets typically come with two popcorn-sized buds, each with a battery inside, and a charging cradle that carries extra battery power and keeps them safe when you're not wearing ’em. Some wireless earbuds have a cable or neckband that connects the two buds together, usually found on workout buds from brands like Shokz.

    Ridding yourself of all cords can feel liberating, but these do come with issues, such as limited battery life (don't buy any with less than five hours), confusing controls, and reliance on a charging case. They're also easier to lose than traditional earbuds, and replacing one bud can be expensive. That said, this is one of the most innovative categories in tech, offering a flurry of new features from heart rate monitors to OTC hearing aid functionality, with more added in each new generation. These days features like noise canceling and transparency mode are standard, while the burgeoning open-ear category offers a more natural way to keep aware of your surrounding.

    How We Test Headphones

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    We test headphones and earbuds the way that we live. We take them to the gym, wear them around offices, travel with them, and generally try to use them as we anticipate potential buyers will use them. If a pair advertises dust or water resistance, we test that. We drop test cases, test cables, charging times, and battery life, and note everything we find exceptional to our readers.

    While we do not typically use a set playlist of music to test each pair, we aim to test acoustic, rock, hip-hop, pop, country, and a variety of other genres with every pair of headphones, ensuring offer a good perspective on sound signature across genres and volumes. For noise reduction, we test the headphones in real-world environments and note our findings. When possible, we attempt to have headphones worn by a variety of people with different head and ear shapes, to ensure we're thinking about the widest audience possible.

    Power up with unlimited access to WIRED. Get best-in-class reporting and exclusive subscriber content that's too important to ignore. Subscribe Today.

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    Parker Hall is a senior editor of product reviews at WIRED. He focuses on audiovisual and entertainment products. Hall is a graduate of the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, where he studied jazz percussion. After hours, he remains a professional musician in his hometown of Portland, Oregon. … Read MoreWriter and Reviewer

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